Change
Direction
of Shift
( → ; ← ; or no change)
Effect on
Quantity
Effect
(increase, decrease,
or no change)
(a)
decrease in volume


Kc


(b)
raise temperature


amount of CO2(g)


(c)
addition of H2O


amount of CO2(g)


(d)
addition of O2(g)


amount of H2O


(e)
removal of CO2(g)


amount of Sugar