Read Chief Justice Warren’s decision from the Miranda case.

The entire thrust of police interrogation . . . was to put the defendant in such an emotional state as to impair his capacity for rational judgment. . . . [T]he choice on his part to speak to the police—was not made knowingly.

What did Chief Justice Warren say about how Miranda’s confession was made?


A. Miranda was aware of his rights when he made his confession.

B. Miranda incriminated himself intentionally and knowingly.

C. Miranda was unaware of his rights but his confession could be used.

D. Miranda incriminated himself without knowing that he could refuse to do so.